Entry Invitations in a Market with Network Effects

Abstract

This paper reinvestigates the well-known claim by Economides (1996) that the network effects can lead a monopolist to give away its technology for free. This so-called ‘open’ strategy is likely to be adopted when marginal network effects are strong but not too strong relative to marginal price effects. Highly elastic demand and highly convex costs also increase the likelihood of such a strategy. I first study the case in which the post-entry market structure is of the Cournot type and later compare the results with the Stackelberg case.     

The impact of compatibility on innovation in markets with network effects

ABSTRACT

This article analyses the relationship between compatibility and innovation in markets with network effects using a model of competition with endogenous R&D, commercialization and compatibility. Compatibility is a mutual decision between firms and demand is partially dependent on overall consumption across compatible networks. Incumbent acquisition of an innovation or profit from entry provides entrepreneurs with an incentive for developing technological improvements and entrepreneurs receive greater returns if larger incumbents offer compatibility with their installed base. But for sufficiently weak network effects a large incumbent increases demand for its own product by denying compatibility to rivals. As a result, a credible threat of incompatibility reduces the entrepreneur's reserve to sell an innovation, but can also increase offers from smaller incumbents to acquire the innovation if it also avoids an incompatibility response from a larger incumbent. In response, entrepreneurs adjust their research effort in order to target a favourable compatibility regime that maximizes profit from entry or offers to acquire the innovation from incumbents. This leads to a complex relationship between the strength of network effects, innovation incentives, the entrepreneur's ambition for improvement and potentially disrupting the compatibility regime.     

证伪主义观照下“旅游产业集群”理论研究

可证伪性是区分"科学"与"非科学"的标准,在证伪主义方法论研究框架下,"旅游产业集群"是一个伪命题。这对旅游产业发展的实践具有非常重要的现实意义。一个实体的旅游产业集聚区不可能囊括既面向旅游者、旅游经营商,又面向旅游用品、装备制造等生产类企业等多个主体,传统意义上的产业集群理论并不适用于旅游业的发展。从旅游产业组织、运行的特点来看,旅游业内部各行业围绕旅游者空间流动紧密关联,在互联网信息技术不断发展的推动下,实现以生产经营地理分散、产品销售(互联)网络集中为特征的旅游网络集群。     

网络教育培训用户采纳意愿实证研究

随着网络技术和信息技术的迅猛发展,教育培训在社会生活中显得越来越重要,中国的教育培训市场也正在快速发展,据报告显示中国培训业规模正以每年30%的速度递增.在当今需要高水平、高知识层次人才的社会环境下,网络教育培训事业随之蓬勃发展.本研究基于技术接受模型,实证研究个体对网络教育培训服务的采纳行为.第一,基于技术接受模型和信任、网络外部性、感知费用、预期绩效等因素提出研究模型.第二,通过对问卷数据进行信效度和路径分析检验,验证影响因素间的假设,同时采用性别因素对个体使用网络教育培训服务的调节效应进行分析.研究结果显示,信任与网络外部性对感知有用性有直接影响,信任与感知有用性对使用意愿有直接影响,使用意愿对绩效预期有直接影响,而性别对个体使用网络教育培训服务的调节效应并不显著.最后对研究结果和不足进行讨论.     

Assessing the Impact of Direct Payments Convergence on Farm Income Inequality: The Case of Italian Farms

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of the convergence process of direct payments (DPs) on farm income inequality. The analysis uses the Gini coefficient concept and its decomposition on the FADN Italian sample in 2014 and 2019 to assess the impact of the DPs reform in Italy. Results of the analysis show that a marginal increase in direct payments will reduce income concentration. However, a shift of resources toward mountain areas could occur. The results of the analysis have some policy implications regarding the application of the convergence mechanism of the CAP in Italy: in fact, the convergence process leads to a redistribution of resources in favour of mountain areas. These results could feed the debate on the future of CAP direct payments after 2020, when the cut or, at least, the reduction of DPs could increase income concentration.     

基于ANP理论的应急物流风险评价模型

应急物流系统的风险管理是应急物流成功运作的关键环节,文章在分析应急物流系统风险特征基础之上,基于ANP理论,确定了应急物流系统风险评估的评价指标体系,构建了应急物流系统风险评价的网络结构模型,并提出了求解的方向.     

浅谈网络管理走标准化道路

论述了网络使用期内管理的重要性,分别以网络失效管理,性能管理,计费管理,配置管理和安全管理五个方面来进行具体分析。强调网络管理必须走标准化的道路,以及网络操作系统共享资源管理的实现。     

轴辐式服务网络规划研究综述

轴辐式网络是服务网络中常见的一种形态,在服务企业竞争中发挥着重要的基础作用。本论文首先介绍了轴辐式网络的基本概念和形态以及优缺点,接下来从轴辐式服务网络规划的模型、算法和典型应用等方面介绍了国内外有关的研究成果,并对今后的发展趋势做出分析。     

局域网中网上邻居互访“慢”的原因及对策

在局域网中我们经常使用网上邻居访问其他的计算机,读存网络上的共享文件和使用打印机。当我们通过网上邻居访问其他计算机,有时要刷新好多次才能连接得上。到底是什么原因导致这种现象产生呢?本文将对这个问题进行详细的讲解。     

我国酒店业网络营销的问题及对策分析

知识经济时代的到来和网络技术的发展给我国酒店业带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,积极实施网络营销已经成为酒店业拓展市场的重要手段。文中分析了酒店业网络营销的模式及其特点,指出了酒店业网络营销的意义和存在的主要问题,提出了酒店业网络营销的对策建议。